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infoWhy this? Water provides a medium for reactions and transport, inorganic ions have essential structural and physiological roles, and ATP couples energy-releasing processes to energy-requiring activities. Studying these substances explains how cells sustain metabolism and maintain suitable internal conditions.

scheduleWhy now? With cells, enzymes, and membrane transport established, we can examine more closely the substances that support these processes. This prepares us for mass transport, photosynthesis, respiration, and the roles of ions and ATP in nervous control and muscle contraction.