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neurologyYou need to know

• The impact of the Depression
• Germany's dependence on American loans and the effects of the Wall Street Crash (1929).
• The withdrawal of US loans, falling production, business failures and the banking crisis.
• The growth of unemployment, poverty and homelessness.
• The impact on workers, the middle classes, farmers, young people and women.
• The collapse of Müller's Grand Coalition in March 1930.
• Brüning's government and deflationary policies: spending cuts, tax rises and reductions in welfare benefits.
• The growing use of Article 48 and presidential decrees.
• The weakening of parliamentary government and declining support for moderate parties.
• Changes in election results between 1928 and 1932.
• The appeal of Nazism and Communism
• Reasons for growing support for the Nazi Party and Communist Party during the Depression.
• Nazi promises of national revival, strong leadership, employment and opposition to Versailles.
• The Nazis' appeal to different social groups, including the middle classes, farmers, young people and sections of the working class.
• Fear of communism among landowners, industrialists and the middle classes.
• Hitler's leadership, image and public-speaking skills.
• Nazi tactics: modern campaigning, mass rallies, air travel and targeted messages.
• The role of propaganda and Joseph Goebbels.
• The role of the SA in intimidation, street violence and projecting strength.
• The KPD's appeal to unemployed and urban workers.
• Divisions between the Communists and Social Democrats and their failure to cooperate.
• The changing electoral fortunes of the extremist parties between 1928 and 1932.
• The political crisis and "backstairs intrigue"
• Hindenburg's role as President and increasing reliance on presidential government.
• The fall of Brüning and the appointment of Franz von Papen in May 1932.
• Papen's limited support and dependence on Hindenburg.
• The removal of the elected Prussian government in the Prussian Coup.
• The July and November 1932 Reichstag elections and their significance.
• Kurt von Schleicher's appointment and failure to build parliamentary support.
• Negotiations among Hindenburg, Papen, Schleicher, Hitler and conservative elites.
• Papen's belief that Hitler could be controlled within a conservative cabinet.
• Hitler's appointment as Chancellor on 30 January 1933.
• The importance of elite decisions, political miscalculation and constitutional weaknesses.
• The end of democracy
• The strengths and limitations of Hitler's position in January 1933.
• The campaign and political violence surrounding the March 1933 election.
• The Reichstag Fire, 27 February 1933, and the arrest of political opponents.
• The Reichstag Fire Decree and the suspension of civil liberties.
• The March 1933 election and the failure of the Nazis to win an outright majority.
• Intimidation and negotiation surrounding the Enabling Act, 23 March 1933.
• The role of the Centre Party and exclusion of Communist deputies.
• How the Enabling Act allowed Hitler to govern without the Reichstag.
• The destruction of parliamentary democracy and Germany's condition by the end of March 1933.

• Explain why Germany was particularly vulnerable to the Great Depression.
• Analyse the Depression's economic, social and political consequences.
• Assess how government policies contributed to political radicalisation.
• Use election results to explain the decline of moderate parties and rise of extremism.
• Compare the appeal, support and tactics of the Nazis and Communists.
• Explain how Nazi propaganda targeted different audiences.
• Assess the importance of Hitler, propaganda, the SA and fear of communism to Nazi success.
• Distinguish between the reasons people actively supported the Nazis and why others tolerated them.
• Explain why Nazi support increased and then declined between July and November 1932.
• Analyse how Article 48 and presidential government weakened democracy.
• Explain the roles of Hindenburg, Papen and Schleicher in Hitler's appointment.
• Assess the importance of the "backstairs intrigue" and conservative elites.
• Compare the importance of long-term weaknesses, the Depression, Nazi appeal and political miscalculation.
• Explain why Hitler became Chancellor despite lacking majority electoral support.
• Analyse how the Reichstag Fire was used to weaken political opposition.
• Explain how violence, propaganda, legal measures and political deals secured the Enabling Act.
• Judge when and why Weimar democracy effectively ended.
• Assess Germany's political condition by March 1933.
• Analyse primary sources using content, provenance, tone, purpose and historical context.
• Evaluate interpretations and reach supported conclusions using precise evidence.