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neurologyYou need to know

• The perfect tense with avoir is formed with a present-tense form of avoir plus a past participle, such as j'ai visité, il a vu, on a fait and nous avons lu.
• Some common irregular past participles with avoir are fait from faire, vu from voir, lu from lire, couru from courir and téléchargé from télécharger.
• Emphatic pronouns include moi, toi, lui, elle, nous, vous, eux and elles, and they are used for emphasis or after prepositions.
• Plural reflexive verbs in the present tense use reflexive pronouns before the verb, as in nous nous relaxons, vous vous entendez and ils se disputent.
• The perfect tense with être is formed with a present-tense form of être plus a past participle, and the past participle agrees with the subject, as in je suis allé(e), nous sommes parti(e)s and elles sont allées.
• The preposition en is used with many feminine countries and regions, à is used with towns and cities, and au, aux or à la are used with masculine, plural or feminine places, as in en France, à Paris, au Maroc and aux États-Unis.
• Modal verbs in the perfect tense use avoir plus the past participle of the modal verb followed by an infinitive, as in j'ai voulu essayer, j'ai pu participer and j'ai dû rester.
• A preceding direct object pronoun comes before the auxiliary verb in the perfect tense, and the past participle agrees with it, as in je les ai aimés when les refers to a masculine plural noun.
• Direct object pronouns replace the object of a verb; examples include me, te, vous, le and la, as in je l'ai beaucoup aimé.
• Common irregular verbs in the present tense include être, avoir, faire and aller, with forms such as je suis, j'ai, je fais and je vais.
• The imperfect tense describes repeated or ongoing actions in the past and is often translated as used to or was doing, as in je faisais, j'allais and j'étais.
• The pronoun y usually means there or to it, and the pronoun en usually means some, any, of it or from there.
• The near future tense is formed with aller in the present tense plus an infinitive, as in je vais aller and on va passer.
• The simple future tense is used to say what will happen, and common forms include je serai, j'aurai, j'irai, je ferai and il y aura.
• Relative clauses add extra information, and common relative pronouns are qui for the subject, que for the object, où for a place or time and quand for time.
• The imperative gives commands or advice, and common forms include joue, jouez, participe, participez, écoute and écoutez.
• Infinitives can be used as nouns in French, as in être célèbre, devenir célèbre and voyager.
• The conditional is used to say what would happen or what someone would do, with forms such as je chercherais, j'irais, je ferais and il serait.
• Possessive adjectives show ownership and must agree with the noun, as in mon rêve, ma famille, mes ami(e)s, son anniversaire and sa carrière.
• The perfect tense of reflexive verbs uses être plus a reflexive pronoun and a past participle, as in elle s'est mariée, il s'est mis à danser and il s'est inspiré de.

• Describe leisure activities in the past using the perfect tense with avoir or être, adding when, where and who with.
• Express opinions about films, television, music, sport, festivals and celebrities using justified positive and negative phrases such as j'adore, je pense que, c'était génial and c'est difficile parce que.
• Use reflexive verbs accurately in the present tense to describe relationships and relaxation, placing the reflexive pronoun before the verb.
• Talk about holidays, journeys and events in the past using être verbs with correct subject agreement, such as je suis allé(e) and nous sommes parti(e)s.
• Combine more than one time frame to describe festivals and celebrations, using past, present, near future, simple future, imperfect or conditional forms as required.
• Replace nouns with direct object pronouns, y or en, placing the pronoun correctly before the verb or auxiliary verb.
• Give advice or instructions about becoming famous using accurate tu and vous imperative forms.
• Create extended sentences about festivals, celebrities or hobbies using relative clauses with qui, que, où or quand.
• Describe famous people’s lives using the perfect tense of reflexive verbs and time expressions with il y a and depuis.
• Pronounce key French sound-spelling links accurately, including u/ou, oi/oy, e/eu, é/er/ez, liaison, -eur/-œur, r, i/y/-ien, j/g/ch/gn.