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neurologyYou need to know

• Two-dimensional shapes are flat shapes such as triangles, quadrilaterals, polygons and circles, while three-dimensional shapes are solid shapes such as cubes, cuboids, prisms, pyramids, cylinders, cones and spheres.
• A net is a two-dimensional pattern that can be folded to make a three-dimensional shape.
• The centre of a circle is the fixed point that is the same distance from every point on the circumference.
• The radius of a circle is a line segment from the centre to the circumference.
• The diameter of a circle is a line segment that passes through the centre and joins two points on the circumference, and its length is twice the radius.
• A chord is a line segment joining two points on the circumference of a circle, and the diameter is the longest chord.
• The circumference is the distance around the edge of a circle.
• A tangent is a straight line that touches a circle at exactly one point.
• An arc is part of the circumference of a circle.
• A sector is a region of a circle enclosed by two radii and an arc.
• A segment is a region of a circle enclosed by a chord and an arc.
• A scale drawing represents a real object or place using measurements that are enlarged or reduced in a fixed ratio.
• Congruent shapes are exactly the same shape and size, but they may be rotated, reflected or translated.
• Similar shapes have the same shape but may be different sizes, with equal corresponding angles and proportional corresponding side lengths.
• The order of rotational symmetry is the number of times a shape fits exactly onto itself during one full turn of `360^\circ`.
• Faces are the flat or curved surfaces of a three-dimensional shape, edges are where two faces meet, and vertices are the corner points where edges meet.
• For any convex polyhedron, the number of faces, vertices and edges is connected by Euler’s formula: `F + V - E = 2`.
• Plans and elevations are two-dimensional views of a three-dimensional shape: the plan is the view from above, the front elevation is the view from the front, and the side elevation is the view from the side.
• ASA, SAS and SSS are triangle congruence conditions: ASA uses two angles and the included side, SAS uses two sides and the included angle, and SSS uses all three side lengths.

• Draw accurate two-dimensional shapes and nets of simple three-dimensional shapes using a ruler, pencil and appropriate measurements.
• Identify and label circle features correctly, including centre, radius, diameter, chord, circumference, tangent, arc, sector and segment.
• Use a map scale or scale drawing to convert between drawing distances and real distances by multiplying or dividing by the scale factor.
• Count the faces, edges and vertices of a three-dimensional shape systematically and check the result using Euler’s formula where appropriate.
• Find missing side lengths in similar shapes by identifying corresponding sides and using the correct scale factor.
• Construct congruent ASA, SAS and SSS triangles accurately using a ruler, protractor and pair of compasses.
• Construct the perpendicular bisector of a line segment using compasses and a straight edge, ensuring the new line crosses the segment at `90^\circ` and through its midpoint.
• Bisect a given angle using compasses and a straight edge, ensuring the two new angles are equal.
• Construct a perpendicular line through a point on or away from a line segment using compasses and a straight edge, ensuring the angle formed is `90^\circ`.
• Construct and interpret plans and elevations of three-dimensional shapes by matching the front, side and top views to the original solid.