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Colour Theory

infoWhy this? Colour theory helps us understand how colours are mixed, organised, and combined to create contrast, harmony, depth, and mood. Practical work with watercolour and Hundertwasser’s art develops control of hue, value, saturation, and colour schemes while demonstrating colour’s expressive and symbolic possibilities.

scheduleWhy now? This unit deepens the initial study of colour within the formal elements by moving from basic recognition to controlled mixing and purposeful application. That greater fluency supports informed colour choices in subsequent portrait, architectural, and mixed-media work.

neurologyYou need to know

  • The primary colours are red, blue, and yellow; they cannot be made by mixing other colours.
  • The secondary colours — orange, green, and purple — are created by mixing two primary colours.
  • Tertiary (or intermediate) colours are made by mixing a primary colour with the secondary colour next to it on the colour wheel.
  • The colour wheel is a circular diagram that shows the relationships between primary, secondary, and tertiary colours.
  • Complementary colours are opposite each other on the colour wheel, such as red and green, blue and orange, and yellow and purple.
  • Harmonious (or analogous) colours sit next to each other on the colour wheel; adjacent hues usually create low contrast, unity, and harmony when used together.
  • Warm colours include reds, oranges, and yellows, and they often appear energetic and visually advance in a composition.
  • Cool colours include blues, greens, and purples, and they often appear calm and visually recede in a composition.
  • Hue is the name or identity of a colour, such as red, green, or blue.
  • Value, also called tone, is how light or dark a colour is.
  • Saturation is the intensity or purity of a colour.
  • Tints are made by adding white to a colour to make it lighter.
  • Shades are made by adding black to a colour to make it darker.
  • Changing the ratio of two primary colours shifts the mixed hue towards the primary colour used in the greater proportion, rather than creating different tones.
  • Watercolours are transparent and behave differently from opaque paints, requiring layering and controlled water use to mix colours effectively.
  • Hundertwasser's artworks are characterised by bright, saturated colours, bold patterns, organic forms, and a rejection of straight lines.
  • Hundertwasser used colour symbolically and emotionally, rather than realistically, to express ideas and feelings.

rocket_launchYou must be able to

  • Accurately mix secondary colours using primary paints.
  • Identify complementary and harmonious colour combinations on the colour wheel.
  • Mix and apply tints and shades using watercolours to show tonal variation.
  • Control the ratio of primary colours to mix a range of hues and achieve intended colour outcomes.
  • Apply complementary and harmonious colour schemes purposefully within a composition.
  • Use Hundertwasser's stylistic features, including his use of colour and repeated patterns, in their own artistic responses.
  • Layer and blend watercolours effectively to develop tonal depth and colour harmony in a painting.


Revision Quiz

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