Curriculum Portal

neurologyYou need to know

• Migration is the movement of people from one place to another that changes where they live for a meaningful temporary, long-term, or permanent period; it excludes commuting and short visits.
• Internal migration is movement within a country, while international migration is movement across national borders.
• Global migration flows are uneven, with large flows often linked to differences in development, wages, safety and life chances between places.
• Economic migration is usually voluntary and is motivated by work opportunities, higher wages and improved living standards.
• Forced migration happens when people have little real choice to move, for example because of conflict, persecution or environmental hazards.
• A refugee is someone who has fled their country due to a well-founded fear of persecution and is protected in international law once recognised as a refugee.
• An asylum seeker is a person who has applied for refugee protection but is still waiting for a legal decision on their claim.
• Seasonal migration is temporary movement for short periods of work (often linked to agriculture or tourism) followed by return to the home area.
• Push factors are conditions that drive people away from a place, such as war, unemployment, political oppression or drought.
• Pull factors are conditions that attract people to a place, such as safety, jobs, education, healthcare and better living conditions.
• The causes of migration can be categorised as economic (jobs, wages), social (family, education, quality of life) and environmental (drought, flooding, climate change).
• Global inequality can increase economic migration because large differences in income and opportunity create strong pull factors towards wealthier places.
• Migration can benefit host countries by filling labour shortages, increasing tax revenue and contributing to economic growth and cultural diversity.
• Migration can create challenges for host countries by increasing demand for housing, schools and healthcare and sometimes causing social tensions.
• Migration can negatively affect source countries through brain drain, where educated and skilled workers leave.
• Migration can benefit source countries when migrants send remittances (money transfers) to family members, supporting incomes and local economies.
• In the Syria to Germany case study, key push factors from Syria include civil war, violence, destruction of homes and reduced access to jobs, healthcare and education.
• In the Syria to Germany case study, key pull factors to Germany include safety, better job prospects, strong public services and policies that have accepted significant numbers of refugees.

• Define key migration terminology (migration, internal/international, refugee, asylum seeker, push/pull, remittances, brain drain).
• Describe global migration patterns using maps and data by identifying major origins, destinations and regions of high/low movement, and supporting points with figures where provided.
• Classify migration examples as internal or international, and as voluntary (economic) or forced (refugee/asylum), giving a brief justification linked to evidence.
• Identify and categorise push and pull factors from a scenario into economic, social and environmental causes, using named examples (for example conflict as a push factor).
• Analyse impacts of migration for host and source countries by explaining at least one positive and one negative effect for each, and separating impacts on migrants, communities and governments.
• Interpret graphs, images and statistics about migration by stating the overall trend, selecting relevant data points, and linking them to causes or impacts.
• Explain a case study (Syria to Germany) by linking specific push factors, pull factors and outcomes, and using evidence from provided data or sources.
• Evaluate migration policies using criteria of economic needs, security and human rights, and reach a justified judgement supported by evidence.
• Construct an argument on whether migration can be managed fairly, acknowledging counter-arguments and referring to refugee rights under international law.