Curriculum Portal

neurologyYou need to know

• Dishonour is a loss of respect caused by shameful behaviour; dignity is a sense of worth and deserving respect; to humiliate someone is to make them feel ashamed or foolish.
• A taboo is something forbidden or strongly disapproved of by a society or group; to atone is to make amends for something wrong.
• Excavated means dug out or uncovered by digging; a mechanism is a system of parts that work together; a cauldron is a large pot used for cooking or boiling over a fire.
• Tenants are people who rent property from an owner; aristocratic means belonging to the nobility or a privileged hereditary social class; diplomatic means relating to international relations or handling people sensitively.
• Adept means highly skilled; emulation is the attempt to match or surpass someone by imitating them; an approximation is something close to, but not exactly, the correct amount or value.
• Mystical means connected with spiritual mysteries or supernatural experiences; bizarre means very strange or unusual; perplexed means confused or puzzled.
• Cataracts are cloudy areas in the lenses of the eyes that can impair sight, although the word can also mean large waterfalls.
• An inferno is a very large, destructive fire; a catastrophe is a disastrous event causing great damage or suffering; to decimate something is to destroy or severely reduce a large part of it.
• A diarist is someone who keeps a diary; a raconteur is a skilful storyteller; a lecture is an educational talk or a lengthy, serious telling-off.
• Flourishing means growing or developing successfully; supplemented means added to in order to improve something or make it more complete.
• Preparatory means done to get ready for something else; hesitation is a pause or delay caused by uncertainty or reluctance.
• Jaunty means cheerful, lively and confident; a commotion is a noisy disturbance or state of confusion.
• A pennyworth is an amount that can be bought for one penny; Parmesan is a hard Italian cheese often grated over food.
• Capital letters mark the beginnings of sentences, proper nouns such as names of people and places, and the personal pronoun I.
• Commas separate items in a list and mark off some clauses and additional information, but a comma alone cannot correctly join two main clauses.
• Homophones are words with the same pronunciation but different meanings and spellings, such as their, there and they’re.
• A concrete noun names something physical that can be experienced through the senses, such as a cauldron, whereas an abstract noun names an idea, feeling or quality, such as dignity.
• A subordinate clause depends on a main clause to form a complete sentence and is usually followed by a comma when it comes before the main clause.
• A fronted adverbial is a word or group of words placed before the main clause to give information such as when, where or how something happens, and it is usually followed by a comma.
• An adverb modifies a verb, an adjective or another adverb, often expressing how, when, where, how often or to what extent something happens.

• Select the appropriate meaning of a taught vocabulary item from its sentence context, distinguishing different senses of words such as cataracts and lecture.
• Use the taught vocabulary accurately in original sentences, choosing words that fit the intended meaning and grammatical structure.
• Correct missing or unnecessary capital letters in sentences, including those involving proper nouns and the pronoun I.
• Choose the correct homophone by checking the meaning and grammatical role required in the sentence.
• Identify concrete and abstract nouns in a passage and justify each classification using what the noun names.
• Identify main and subordinate clauses, and construct sentences with a subordinate clause before or after the main clause.
• Identify adverbs and fronted adverbials, and use them to specify when, where or how an action happens.
• Punctuate sentences with commas to separate list items, mark fronted adverbials and introductory subordinate clauses, and avoid joining main clauses with a comma alone.