Curriculum Portal

neurologyYou need to know

• A score can mean twenty years, a proposition is a statement or idea put forward for consideration, and a civil war is a war between groups within the same country.
• Endure means to continue despite difficulty, consecrate means to make something sacred or dedicate it to a purpose, and hallow means to honour or make holy.
• Devotion is strong commitment or loyalty, resolve is firm determination, and perish means to die or be destroyed.
• Inflexible means unwilling to change, administration can mean the management of government, and preliminary means occurring before a more important event.
• Toil means hard work, an ordeal is a difficult or painful experience, grievous means very serious or severe, tyranny is cruel or oppressive rule, and buoyancy can mean optimism or cheerfulness.
• Out of kilter means unbalanced or not working properly, intellect means the ability to think and understand, obliged means required or expected to do something, and the lash refers to a whip or a blow from one.
• Grave means serious, threshold means the beginning or entrance of something, and in vain means without achieving the intended result.
• Prevail means to succeed or overcome opposition, treaties are formal agreements between countries, sovereignty is independent authority, bondage is a state of enslavement or restriction, and resolutely means with firm determination.
• CAPCOM is the person responsible for communicating with astronauts from Mission Control, altitude is height above a reference level, and velocity is speed in a particular direction.
• A hatch is an opening or door, cautiously means carefully to avoid danger, gravity is the force that attracts objects towards one another, and stark means severe, plain or sharply contrasting.
• Rhetoric is the art of using language effectively to persuade, influence or communicate with an audience.
• Ethos appeals to credibility or authority, pathos appeals to emotion, and logos appeals to reason and evidence.
• Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg Address was delivered in 1863 during the American Civil War and uses brevity, repetition and balanced language to honour the dead and redefine the war's purpose.
• A tricolon is a sequence of three parallel words, phrases or clauses, while antithesis places contrasting ideas together to emphasise their differences.
• Winston Churchill's Blood, Toil, Tears and Sweat speech was delivered in May 1940 and uses honesty, repetition and determination to prepare Britain for war.
• Hypophora is a rhetorical technique in which a speaker asks a question and then immediately answers it.
• Sojourner Truth's Ain't I a Woman? challenges racial and gender inequality through personal experience, repeated questioning and comparisons. The widely known 1863 version was published by Frances Gage and differs from earlier accounts.
• A refrain is a word, phrase or question repeated throughout a speech to reinforce a central message.
• King George VI's radio broadcast of 3 September 1939 uses calm, formal language and inclusive pronouns to reassure listeners following Britain's declaration of war.
• Neil Armstrong's words during the Apollo 11 Moon landing in 1969 demonstrate how brevity and contrasting ideas can communicate the significance of a historical achievement.
• Inclusive pronouns such as we, us and our create a sense of shared identity, responsibility or purpose.

• Define and accurately use the unit's Tier 2 vocabulary in original sentences.
• Identify ethos, pathos and logos and explain how they influence an audience.
• Explain how the historical context, audience and purpose shape the language of a speech.
• Identify and explain the effects of tricolon, antithesis, hypophora, repetition and refrain.
• Explain how Lincoln uses brevity and balanced language to communicate a powerful message.
• Analyse how Churchill uses rhetorical questions, repetition and determination to prepare his audience for war.
• Explain how Sojourner Truth uses personal experience and repeated questioning to challenge inequality.
• Identify how inclusive pronouns and formal register establish unity and reassurance.
• Explain how Armstrong's language communicates the importance of the Moon landing.
• Use rhetorical questions and appropriate question marks accurately.
• Use repetition and tricolon deliberately to emphasise important ideas.
• Use a semi-colon to connect closely related ideas and antithesis to establish contrast.
• Write a short speech suited to a specific audience and occasion, using appropriate rhetorical techniques.